AI Safety
4 essays on this topic.
How Many Levels of AI Are There? Every Ladder Compared
ANI to ASI, the four types, OpenAI's five levels, DeepMind's grid, agent autonomy and safety levels: six AI ladders compared, and where AI sits in October 2026.
Reward Hacking: When AI Wins the Wrong Game
From a boat circling a lagoon to coding agents that edit the tests: why AI learns to game its reward, how labs catch it, and what it means for your metrics.
Glitch Tokens: The Strange Words That Broke GPT-3
Why ' SolidGoldMagikarp' broke GPT-3: how tokenizers and models are trained apart, under-trained tokens, how labs fixed it, and other tokenizer quirks.
Interpretability: How Scientists Look Inside an AI's Mind
Superposition, sparse autoencoders, Golden Gate Claude and attribution graphs: how researchers find concepts inside a model, and what they still can't see.
